What does one food-truck order contribute?
Illustrative case · One owner-operated bowl-menu food truck; five three-hour private-site service windows per week · Seattle, Washington; King County regulatory case
Explore this business · Unit economics and KPIs
A Year 1 base order brings $15.60 pretax sales and $10.60 contribution after recipe/drink cost, waste, serviceware, processing and state B&O. That must still pay shifts, sites, travel, overhead and debt. A simplified neutral 22-window month needs 1,555 orders to cover those commitments.
What counts as one unit?
One unit is a completed bowl transaction with an expected sealed-drink attachment. Chicken mix 70.0% and drink attachment 40.0% are hypotheses. Bowl receipt $14.40 plus expected drink revenue $1.20 equals $15.60. This is not observed till data.
Do not count a drink as another bowl order or multiply receipt by both entree and drink units. Cash/card mix changes cost rather than adding revenue. No tips, alcohol, refunds, platform commission or catering receivable are included.
How does the receipt become contribution?
| Line | Amount per order | Method |
|---|---|---|
| Bowl and expected drink | $15.60 | Weighted mix and add-on |
| Recipe before prepared loss | $3.225 | Shared grain/vegetables/sauce plus weighted protein |
| Ingredients after prepared loss | $3.36 | Recipe / one minus 4.0% loss |
| Expected purchased drink | $0.32 | Attachment × drink cost |
| Complete serviceware | $0.74 | Bowl/lid, requested utensil, label/napkin |
| Processing | $0.51 | Card share × gross tax-inclusive fee plus fixed fee |
| State retailing B&O | $0.07 | Net receipt × published rate; before credit |
| Total deductions | $5.00 | All unit costs above, excluding shifts |
| Contribution | $10.60 | Receipt less unit deductions |
Recipe includes $0.55 grain, $0.65 vegetables and $0.25 sauce, plus $2.00 chicken or $1.25 vegetable protein. Allowances already assume raw-to-cooked yield. $0.13 prepared-loss cost is separate unsold/handling waste. Weighed supplier/yield trials are needed.
Square Free in-person fee is 2.6% plus $0.15. Fees apply to payments including sales tax. Frozen Q4 Seattle tax adds $10.55 per $100 of net food sales; check the live service-address rate at launch. State retailing rate and prepared-food treatment establish the B&O basis.
The container-only comparison is $0.242 each with lid separate. Cold-only PLA lids are not inferred suitable for hot meals. Local acceptance/utensil rules need a complete procured set.
Which station limits sales?
| Constraint | Calculation | Limit |
|---|---|---|
| Usable service | 180 minutes less 30 interruption allowance | 150 minutes |
| Assembly | Usable minutes / 1.5 per bowl | 100 orders |
| Parallel payment/handoff | Usable time / 45 seconds per order | 200 orders |
| Commissary prep | 120 clock minutes × gross yield × sellable fraction | 115.2 bowl equivalents |
| Assumed truck load | 150 gross portions × sellable fraction | 144 bowls |
Assembly limits output to 100 orders. Actual engine portions are floored. Payment occurs in parallel through the assistant, so its time is not added serially. Resupply/water/waste and approved food flow still constrain service. County guidance does not approve this hypothetical load.
Five two-hour prep sessions fit the referenced twenty-clock-hour membership; overlapping workers are both paid. Peak helper supports handoff/restocking without adding assembly capacity. If trials show slower production, reduce capacity before raising demand.
Why is contribution not order profit?
Regular burdened roster costs $489.06 per scheduled window. Site fee plus expected completed-window fuel bring the neutral schedule commitment to $564. Monthly overhead plus permits is $2,581 and loan payment $1,494. These are outside unit deductions.
Canceled windows retain regular pay/site charges. Measure sales per completed window, but commit pay against the scheduled calendar. Treating every shift as a percent of sold orders would falsely make its cost vanish when weather closes service. Nine owner hours cover two prep, two travel/setup, three service, one cleanup and one administration. Seven assistant hours cover 1.5 prep, 0.5 loading/setup, one paid travel between work locations, three service and one cleanup. Actual travel needs a timed route trial.
Which volume threshold helps this decision?
In a neutral 22-scheduled-window Year 1 month, divide overhead plus 22 schedule commitments by exact unit contribution and round up. Before debt that is 1,414 orders; after adding payment 1,555. At assumed availability, debt threshold averages about 74.4 per completed window. It excludes peak-helper steps, April permit cash, stock change, collection lag and income taxes.
Full monthly forecast is the liquidity test. The same annual average can hide winter weakness and capacity-capped summer, with differing paid hours per order. Track labor, waste, queue abandonment, completed orders and settlement. This threshold is a case result, not a universal healthy volume.
The profit and cash model uses this same receipt/recipe basis with helper, calendar, permits and funding. An attractive unit contribution needs executable demand to cover the route.
Sources and scope
- Washington DOR: B&O classifications · Checked 2026-10-04 · Official state retailing rate table.
- Food-truck illustrative case and planning method · Checked 2026-10-05 · Authored Seattle/King County January 2027 case; inputs.json, executed 60-month model and FINANCIAL_ASSUMPTIONS.md. Declared assumptions rather than observed averages.
- Chop Kitchens: leasing terms · Checked 2026-10-04 · Published Seattle-area facility tariff; availability and executed agreement unconfirmed.
- King County: mobile food service plan guide, April 2026 · Checked 2026-10-04 · Inspected seven-page guide: menu, floor plan, food flow, commissary and operating schedule.
- Seattle Office of Labor Standards: minimum wage · Checked 2026-10-04 · Official 2026 and announced 2027 employee minimums.
- WebstaurantStore: EcoChoice 32 oz rectangular bio-lined container · Checked 2026-10-04 · Inspected SKU 795KFT32REPLA, 300-case price; container-only comparison.
- Washington DOR: restaurants and prepared-food retailers · Checked 2026-10-04 · Official prepared-food retail taxation.
- Washington DOR: Seattle sales/use tax table · Checked 2026-10-04 · Inspected Q4 2026 Seattle row, location 1726.
- Seattle Public Utilities: food packaging requirements · Checked 2026-10-04 · Official packaging acceptance, labeling and utensil-request rules.
- Square: US payment fees · Checked 2026-10-04 · Inspected Square Free card-present tier.